输电线路虚拟有功功率差动保护

有功功率差动保护在消除线路分布电容影响、应对高阻故障等方面独具优势,但近处金属性故障时的性能缺陷限制了其实际应用。为解决此问题,文中依据叠加原理,提出了虚拟有功功率的概念,并对内、外部故障时线路两端虚拟有功功率的特征进行了分析。以此为基础,提出了分相虚拟有功功率差动保护动作判据,并对其动作特性进行了定性分析。借助PSCAD搭建500kV输电线路模型,全面仿真和评估了不同故障位置、故障类型、过渡电阻、无功元件调整、非同步数据等多种因素对保护方案的影响。理论分析及仿真结果表明,该保护方案可准确辨别故障区间且近处金属性故障无死区,耐过渡电阻能力较强,数据交换量少,同步要求低,无需电容补偿措施。     

一种确定交直流混合激励电磁构件杂散损耗的有效方法

交直流混合激励条件下,大型电磁装置构件中杂散损耗的分析与验证,以及如何有效降低杂散损耗在产品分析与设计中备受关注。平波电抗器是高压直流输电系统(HVDC)中重要的电气装备之一,其工作时绕组中通过较大的直流电流以及高次谐波电流(交直流混合激励)。本文从实验与仿真分析两方面系统地研究交直流混合激励时,导磁钢板中杂散损耗有效、实用的确定方法,并通过已建立的国际基准模型进行相关验证。提出采用间接处理方法准确确定平波电抗器类电磁装备结构件中杂散损耗的工程实用措施,所得结果可为产品电磁设计提供参考。     

Protection of Double-Circuit Line with Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor Using Principal Component Analysis

In this paper, a fault direction estimation algorithm is proposed for a double-circuit line with thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) using principal component analysis (PCA)-based technique. In case of PCA, an orthogonal transformation is used to convert correlated variables into linearly uncorrelated variables called principal components. Fault in such a compensated line leads to voltage inversion, current inversion, and subsynchronous resonance situations, which affect the performance of the conventional direction estimation process. Transients associated with metal oxide varistor (MOV) operation and control action associated with TCSC, further modulate equivalent impedance of TCSC and MOV combination. In the proposed approach, PCA of angles between positive and negative sequence components of voltage current has been carried out to extract the pattern and to declare the fault direction accurately. The double-circuit line with TCSC is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC software. The performance of the proposed technique is tested for numerous test cases, and it was found to be accurate.     

适用于母线保护的负序电压提取及闭锁方案

为解决复合电压闭锁元件中负序电压提取快速性与准确性之间的矛盾,研究了基于瞬时对称分量法和半周积分法的负序电压提取方法。通过在故障启动时刻投入负序电压瞬时值提取算法,消除了由于母线电压突变造成的瞬时值提取误差。设计了采用该方法的母线保护复合电压闭锁方案,并与母线差动保护相配合:在故障启动后1个周期内,采用改进瞬时对称分量法和半周积分法提取负序电压有效值,与采样值差动元件相配合;故障启动满1周期后,采用全周算法和序分量分解法提取负序电压有效值,与相量差动元件相配合。通过数字仿真和RTDS实验验证,整个方案可大幅减小负序电压计算的暂态过程误差,有效提高区内故障时负序电压元件的开放速度,有利于改善复压元件的灵敏度。     

大跨度空间结构地震响应组成分量研究

应用振型叠加法进行大跨度空间结构地震响应分析时,常存在计算效率低、难以考虑地震作用随机特性等问题。为此,对大跨度空间结构的地震响应组成分量,包括准静力响应和共振响应进行研究和定义;根据响应分量的组成研究,提出适用于大跨度空间结构地震响应振型叠加分析法的修正策略;以两类典型的大跨度结构形式为算例,对各响应分量的特性及分量间相关性的影响进行研究,总结大跨度空间结构地震各响应分量的分布特征。     

锚杆构件力学性能及匹配性

在分析煤矿巷道锚杆支护构件破坏形式与原因的基础上,研究了锚杆各构件,包括杆体、螺纹段、托板、球形垫圈及减摩垫圈的力学性能。采用理论计算与数值模拟分析了杆体与螺纹段在不同受力状态下的应力分布特征。在实验室进行了锚杆形状、参数对其锚固力及安装阻力影响的试验,托板压缩性能及锚杆尾部构件匹配性试验。研究了树脂锚固剂的力学性能及影响因素。研究结果表明：锚杆受拉伸、弯曲、扭转、剪切及其组合作用,煤矿巷道锚杆处于屈服是一种常态,杆体有4个位置易发生破断。螺纹显著改变了螺纹段表面及附近部位的应力分布,在螺纹牙底处出现明显的应力集中。拱形托板压缩变形可分为5个阶段,拱高必须达到一定值才能保证足够的承载能力。锚杆尾部构件几何形状、参数及力学性能应相互匹配,才能使锚杆处于较好的受力状态。树脂锚固剂应与杆体、钻孔匹配,保证锚杆-锚固剂、锚固剂-围岩之间界面有良好的黏结性能。研究成果已应用于多类困难巷道,大幅减少了锚杆支护构件的破坏,显著提高了巷道支护效果。      

矾土尾矿载体氧化物组分对甲苯催化燃烧的影响

利用固体废弃物矾土矿尾矿制备催化剂载体,采用浸渍法将氧化物活性组分载于催化剂载体,对甲苯催化燃烧进行了研究。实验结果表明:以矾土矿尾矿制备的催化剂载体,所选4种单一活性组分中,催化效果较好的为Mn/Zr O2和Cu/Zr O2整体催化剂,其负载14%Mn/Zr O2整体催化剂在260℃时转化率为47%,负载16%Cu/Zr O2整体催化剂在300℃时转化率为49%,均接近起燃温度。     

结合光伏光热组件的双源热泵系统的研究

考虑到太阳能电池板温度升高时其光电转换效率降低,以及水源温度升高时热泵运行效率增加的特点,设计出一套结合光伏光热(PV/T)组件的双源热泵系统。对该系统进行室外实际运行实验,通过实验验证系统是否能够稳定运行,并验证太阳能电池板降温提效的可行性。实验结果表明,该系统运行可靠,且组件电池转换效率与固定倾角的追踪式光伏(TPV)组件相比,提高0.3%左右,能够为下一步研究最优运行方式提供实验数据支持。     

便携式金属测定仪在环境水质检测中的应用

城市部件普查是一项投资规模较大、影响范围广的市政测绘工程项目,全面摸清城市管理部件的分布和现状,建立城市管理部件数据库,是数字化城市管理的关键。本文以南宁市主要道路井盖普查项目为背景,从技术方法的视角分析了部件普查的关键技术、质量检查方法和实施要点,并在项目中验证技术方案可行性。     

Formation of Benzo(a)pyrene in Sesame Seeds During the Roasting Process for Production of Sesame Seed Oil

The main aim of this research was to enhance the understanding of the formation mechanisms of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) during roasting of sesame seeds (SS). BaP levels in hot‐ and cold‐pressed sesame seed oil (SSO) were evaluated to correlate oil technology and BaP formation. Extracted principal components from SS were roasted either singly or in mixtures at 230 °C for 30 min. BaP was measured by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The results showed that BaP levels in hot‐pressed SSO were significantly higher than those in cold‐pressed SSO (p < 0.05), BaP formation mostly occurred during SS roasting and increased with roasting temperature (between 80 and 280 °C) and time (from 10 to 50 min). Furthermore, the BaP level in the roasted hulled SS (3.64 μg/kg) was higher than it was in roasted whole SS (1.63 μg/kg). The maximum BaP level observed (5.03 μg/kg) was detected in a roasted mixture of SS protein and SSO. The addition of sesame protein to protein‐free SSO promoted the formation of BaP, which suggests that the pyrolysis products of protein and triacylglycerols are probably important precursors in BaP formation.